Take nothing but pictures,

Leave nothing but footprints,

       Kill nothing but time.

       NSS Motto

Exploring Utah's Caves

Welcome to the Timpanogos Grotto’s guide to caving in Utah! Utah is home to some of the most stunning and geologically diverse caves in the United States. Whether you’re a beginner interested in exploring the underground world for the first time or an experienced caver seeking new adventures, this page will provide an overview of Utah’s caves, their unique geology, and examples of fascinating caves to visit.

The Geology of Utah's Caves

Utah’s caves are the result of millions of years of geological processes. The state’s diverse landscape includes vast limestone formations, volcanic activity, and water erosion, all of which contribute to the formation of caves. Most of Utah’s caves are karst caves, formed by the dissolution of limestone or dolomite rock by acidic water. This process creates underground passages, chambers, and stunning formations such as stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstones.

In addition to karst caves, Utah is home to lava tubes, formed by ancient volcanic activity. These tubes were created as molten lava flowed and cooled, leaving behind hollow pathways beneath the surface. The interplay of water, rock, and time has resulted in a wide variety of caves, each with its own unique features and ecosystems.

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Low Impact Caving

Every time someone enters a cave, they leave behind a small but cumulative impact. Even tiny amounts of floating dust can settle on cave walls and dull stunning minerals over time. The goal of responsible caving is to minimize these impacts and leave the cave as pristine as possible. Careless caving can result in permanent damage; formations that have taken tens of thousands of years to form can be irreparably broken in a single moment.

Mud, oils, and debris from a single touch can permanently mar delicate structures and inhibit their future growth. Moving through caves requires intentionality and care. A single misplaced footprint can alter the underground landscape forever. Always strive to:

  • Avoid touching formations, walls, and wildlife.
  • Stay on designated paths or marked trails within caves.
  • Use clean gear to prevent introducing contaminants.
  • Respect all posted guidelines and access restrictions.

By adopting these practices, we can ensure that Utah’s caves remain awe-inspiring for generations to come.

Caves are Sensitive

Caves are among the most delicate ecosystems on Earth. Many species that inhabit caves are uniquely adapted to these environments and are found nowhere else. In Utah’s caves, we continue to discover incredible biodiversity, including rare and endangered species. Bats, in particular, rely on caves for hibernation; disturbing them during this period can lead to starvation or death, threatening entire populations.

Human activities such as water pollution, littering, and improper waste disposal can poison cave ecosystems. A single careless step can crush fragile organisms or structures that took thousands of years to form. Bones, fossils, and artifacts found in caves often hold immense scientific value. Their placement and preservation are as critical as the objects themselves, and disturbing these features can destroy their historical and scientific significance.

Caving responsibly helps preserve the natural and historical treasures within Utah’s caves. By treading carefully, respecting wildlife, and leaving no trace, we can protect these sensitive environments for future exploration and study.

Caves to Explore in Utah

Utah is home to many incredible caves, from easily accessible show caves to challenging wild caves. Here are a few notable examples:

Timpanogos Cave National Monument

Located in American Fork Canyon, this is one of Utah’s most famous caves. Managed by the National Park Service, Timpanogos Cave features stunning formations, including helictites and cave bacon. Guided tours are available, offering a great introduction to caving for beginners.

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Nutty Putty Cave

Nestled near Utah Lake, Nutty Putty Cave is a limestone cave famous for its narrow passages and challenging squeezes. The cave became known worldwide due to the tragic death of John Jones in 2009. John, an experienced caver, became trapped in a small, narrow passageway while exploring the cave, and despite an extensive rescue effort, he lost his life there. His story touched many, and Nutty Putty Cave stands as a somber reminder of the risks involved in caving. Although the cave is currently closed to the public for safety reasons, its place in Utah’s caving history remains significant, and John’s memory continues to inspire cavers to this day.

Rick Egan  |  The Salt Lake Tribune

The entrance to Nutty Putty cave is seen as rescue operations for trapped spelunker John Jones continue at Nutty Putty Cave near Elberta on November 27, 2009.

Mammoth Cave

Found in the Dixie National Forest, Mammoth Cave is one of Utah’s largest lava tubes. This family-friendly cave is relatively easy to navigate and provides a fascinating look at volcanic geology.

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Main Drain Cave

Located in the Wasatch Mountains, Main Drain Cave holds the distinction of being Utah’s deepest cave, reaching depths of just over 1,300 feet. This wild cave is known for its complex pits and challenging terrain, making it an ideal destination for experienced cavers seeking a true adventure.

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Crystal Ball Cave

Located in central Utah, Crystal Ball Cave is renowned for its stunning crystal formations. This remote cave offers a unique and rugged caving experience. Tours are provided by the Bates family, who have been guiding cavers through the cave for years. Their deep knowledge of the cave’s geology and history makes for an enriching and personal experience.

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